入行60余年的美国资深建筑评论家、撰稿人Michael Webb与Penda China槃达建筑创始人孙大勇相识于一场跨越国界的设计品牌交流大会，彼时他们共同探讨了当下全球建筑设计公司的发展状态，并试图找到中国建筑设计师可供参照的现实指引。在此之后，两人建立了更加密切的联系，在槃达建筑成立10年之际，Michael Webb与孙大勇开展了一次深度的交流，他以敏锐的国际视角剖析了这个小型事务所的非凡之路，并带来了他对槃达建筑的设计理念的独到解读。

*下文译自Michael Webb对孙大勇的专访

2013年，孙大勇在北京创立Penda China槃达建筑。成立至今，这家小型事务所走过了硕果累累的十年。从内蒙古鄂尔多斯到南方旅游胜地海口，槃达建筑在基础设施、文化、酒店、教育、住宅以及商业建筑等不同领域留下了印记。除了涉猎室内和景观设计，还致力于挖掘竹材和植物营造绿色建筑的潜力。相较于很多成功事务所主题单一、近乎千篇一律的创作或者单纯模仿他人作品，槃达建筑不设限、无标签，每个项目的设计均基于场地、气候和功能“量身定制”。团队善于从自然中汲取灵感，专注于解决实际问题。在孙大勇看来，设计最核心的元素是光线、秩序和回应当代需求。

In 2013, Sun Dayong established his architectural practice of Penda China in Beijing and this small office has enjoyed a productive decade. From the Inner Mongolian city of Ordos to the resort of Haikou in the far south, Penda has left its mark in infrastructure, culture, hospitality, education, housing and commercial buildings. They've designed interiors and landscapes, while exploring the potential of bamboo and plantings to create green buildings. In contrast to many successful firms that play a few variations on a single theme or mimic the work of others, Penda has no signature. Each of its projects is tailored to site, climate and purpose. They take their inspiration from nature and focus on problem-solving. For Sun Dayong, the crucial ingredients are light, order and a response to present-day needs.

Penda China槃达建筑创始人 孙大勇

Penda China槃达建筑北京工作室

在老家吉林建筑大学学习室内设计时，孙大勇意识到最好的室内空间是由建筑师创造的。于是，他开始自学，阅读相关书籍，绘制建筑草图。毕业后，孙大勇在德国柏林Graft事务所工作四年，经常利用假期探访当代欧洲建筑。扎哈·哈迪德（Zaha Hadid）在沃夫斯堡（Wolfsburg）设计的费诺科学中心（Phaeno Science Center）便是一次美丽的邂逅。他回忆道，“我在费诺科学中心漫步一整天，它给我传递了一种拳击手般的力量感，这是我一直尝试融入到作品中的特质。”

While studying interior design at his hometown university of Jilin Jianzhu University, Sun Dayong realized that all the best interiors were designed by architects. So he started teaching himself, reading books on the subject and sketching the buildings he admired. After graduation he spent four years with the German firm of Graft in Berlin and seized the opportunity to explore contemporary European architecture during his vacations. Zaha Hadid's Phaeno Science Center in Wolfsburg was a revelation. "I spent all day walking around and through that building," he recalls. "It conveyed such a sense of force, like a boxer, and that's a quality I've tried to incorporate into my own work."

费诺科学中心，图片来自扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所官网

孙大勇希望突出力量感，很出人意料，因为他的代表作呈现的是克制和沉静的庄重感。在柏林期间，他与来自全球各地的建筑师共事，培养了国际视野。回国后，他在中央美术学院攻读艺术硕士学位，并研究中国哲学与文化。这段经历同样对他的创作产生了重要影响，他尝试在作品中融合新旧精华与中西精髓，突出材料质感，尊重在地环境。

It's curious that Sun Dayong should emphasize force, for his best work has a feeling of restraint and quiet authority. In Berlin he worked alongside architects from many different countries and that gave him an international perspective. On his return, he secured a master's degree at Central Academy of Fine Arts, studying Chinese philosophy and culture. That proved an equally formative experience, and he tries to incorporate the best of old and new, East and West in his work, placing a strong emphasis on materiality and respect for the environment.

北京鸿坤美术馆 © Penda China槃达建筑

竹建筑研究 © Penda China槃达建筑

他的几个酒店项目均体现了这一设计手法。在设计襄阳景区内一家可容纳180个床位的酒店时，他采用圆弧轮廓，柔化尖锐边缘，使庭院内外各方向的景观尽收眼底。在海口江东新区山能酒店的设计招标竞赛中，槃达建筑构想了一座充满张力感的塔楼，流动感的透明顶篷与附近的海浪交相呼应。它融合了刚、柔两种气质，糅合了直冲云霄的进取姿态和晚礼裙般的飘逸轻盈。成都的洞穴酒吧则立于湖畔，化身为绿意盎然的群峰。而位于北京门头沟西达摩村的隐北野奢酒店从古老村落汲取设计灵感，采用石砌工法和阶梯步道与传统结构协调融合。

Several hospitality projects illustrate this approach. A 180-bed hotel in a scenic area of Xiangyang is softly rounded to avoid sharp edges and to command views in every direction, outwards and into a landscaped courtyard. In a competition for Haikou Jiang Dong District Shan Neng Hotel, Penda China proposed a tower that morphs into a dramatic canopy, evoking a wave in the ocean nearby. It also combines a sense of masculinity and femininity; a phallic shaft and a flared skirt. In Chengdu the Cave bar is constructed as a cluster of green peaks bordering a lake. And the S&N resort takes its cues from the Xidamo Village of Mentougou Town near Beijing, employing stone masonry and stepped walkways to harmonize with traditional structures.

襄阳紫薇酒店 © Penda China槃达建筑

海口江东新区山能酒店 © Penda China槃达建筑

隐北野奢酒店 © Penda China槃达建筑

山顶酒吧 © Penda China槃达建筑

这种多样性在文化项目中也体现得淋漓尽致。槃达建筑曾将大连一家购物中心改造为艺术交流中心，提供给意大利佛罗伦萨的来访艺术家。团队保留了原建筑有棱角的壳体，打造了一系列教室和公共区域空间。音乐厅的墙体结合了折叠结构和背光设计，实现了优质的声学效果和悦目的视觉平衡。

槃达建筑曾与国际顶尖事务所竞标位于德绍（Dessau）的新包豪斯博物馆（New Bauhaus Museum）项目，延续瓦尔特·格罗皮乌斯（Walter Gropius）设计的百年校舍的简洁风格，打造了一系列宁静、光线充足的画廊空间。鄂尔多斯的星空图书馆目前处于待投资阶段，建筑设计采用棱角几何造型，为这座荒原上崛起的新城打造一个地标。位于四川的陶艺中心是一家酒业制造商的展示馆，以巨型陶罐为建筑原型，从中间劈开形成入口。

The same diversity in found in the firm's cultural projects. Penda China remodeled a shopping mall in Dalian to accommodate a cultural center for visiting artists from the Italian city of Florence. They preserved the angular shell and created a mix of studios and open areas, along with a concert hall whose walls are folded and backlit to achieve good acoustics and a pleasing visual harmony. Penda China competed with top international firms to design the new Bauhaus Museum in Dessau, channeling the simplicity of Walter Gropius's century-old school building and creating a succession of serene, light-filled galleries. The Starry Sky Library in Ordos, now awaiting funding, is an exercise in angular geometry to serve as a landmark in this new city. In contrast, the Pottery Center in Sichuan was built as an exhibition hall for a manufacturer, and takes the form of a giant pot, split down the middle to frame the entry.

佛罗伦萨（大连）文化艺术交流中心 © Penda China槃达建筑

包豪斯博物馆 © Penda China槃达建筑

星空图书馆 © Penda China槃达建筑

陶艺文化馆 © Penda China槃达建筑

海口高速隧道项目中，遮光棚反复运用曲线形态，打造标志性入口。这一设计能够过滤自然光，有助于为驾驶员打造过渡地带、以适应环境亮度的变化。同时，通过背光照明，它充当黑夜里的灯塔，让人感到安心。槃达建筑还受邀参加了深圳太子湾超高层公寓项目的投标，与其他三家入围的顶尖国际事务所同台竞技，包括OMA、WOHA和10 Design（深圳）。槃达建筑以极具雕塑感的建筑语言和大面积的玻璃铺设，打造了坐拥一线海景的高端公寓。虽然方案最后未能胜出，但这次竞标促成了来自印度海得拉巴（Hyderabad）一家开发商的多个项目委托。小尺度项目方面，槃达建筑目前正在上海建造一栋具有弧形屋顶的可持续木结构私宅。

Sensual curves recur in the canopy Penda China designed for a highway tunnel in Haikou. It serves as a symbolic gateway, filtering natural light as motorists drive into the darkened interior, and backlit to serve as a welcoming beacon at night. The Taizi Bay tower in Shenzen — a limited competition in which Penda China were shortlisted with OMA, WOHA and the Shenzhen firm of 10 Design — is sculptured and expansively glazed to open the luxury apartments to ocean views. Though it wasn't the winning entry, it brought several commissions from an Indian developer in Hyderabad. And, on a smaller scale, Penda China are building a sustainable wooden house with a rounded roof vault in Shanghai.

海口文明东隧道 © Penda China槃达建筑

太子湾超高层公寓 © Penda China槃达建筑

上海崇明宅 © Penda China槃达建筑

孙大勇表示，“过去十年的实践磨练了我对设计的把控力，我也在不断寻找最想做的事。当我对一个项目感到兴奋时，各种想法会涌入脑海——激情是创作的动力源泉。通过各类项目的深入实践，我学到了许多。当下这个阶段，我需要决定是否继续维持小工作室的规模，专注于自己的热爱，以及每个项目是否与团队同事亲力亲为。”

As Sun Dayong observes, "Over our ten years of practice I've been honing my skills and searching for what I most want to do. Ideas come into my head when I'm excited by a project—passion is a spur to invention. I've learned a lot from working on so many different typologies; now I have to decide whether to stay small, focus on what I most like, and be directly involved with a few colleagues on every project."

十里莲江农业科普楼 © Penda China槃达建筑

无论槃达建筑选择怎样的发展方向，在竞争激烈的建筑行业中，它仍会是最有趣且富有创造力的事务所之一。它将与其他蓬勃发展的事务所一道，推动中国走在建筑创新的前沿。

Whatever direction Penda China moves in it is likely to remain one of the more interesting and creative firms in the highly competitive world of architecture. And it takes its place among other burgeoning practices that have propelled China to the forefront of architectural innovation.

梦 © Penda China槃达建筑，摄影：夏至

MINI城市小屋 © Penda China槃达建筑

O宅 © Penda China槃达建筑

孙大勇

Penda China槃达建筑创始人

RIBA英国皇家建筑师协会会员

中国优秀的80后建筑师，提出“Less is love 少即是爱”的创作理念，提倡做有爱的设计，主张建筑是一种陪伴。2020年受邀作为英国Dezeen Awards评委；2022年成为RIBA英国皇家建筑师协会会员。由其领导的Penda China槃达建筑成立于2013年，是具有国际影响力的建筑事务所，十年间获得国内外众多奖项荣誉，包括2016年美国Architizer A+Awards国际年度新锐设计事务所奖；2021年英国Dezeen Awards年度新兴建筑事务所提名；2022年隐北野奢酒店荣获Architizer A+Awards特别提名奖等。

Michael Webb

美国建筑师协会洛杉矶分会荣誉会员

资深建筑评论家与撰稿人

Michael Webb毕业于伦敦政治经济学院，获得经济学和政治学荣誉学位，还曾被法国政府授予艺术及文学骑士勋章。出版专著30本，涵盖建筑、设计、旅行，也为多部著作撰写介绍性随笔，包括弗兰克·盖里、安藤忠雄、理查德·麦耶、诺曼·福斯特作品研究。他曾为众多建筑专著撰文，并供稿于美国、欧洲和亚洲领先杂志。

撰文：Michael Webb

编辑：馬鹿

校对：小简